Lupine Publishers | Scholarly Journal Of Psychology And Behavioral Sciences
Introduction
The world order is now
being tested again in drastic and slow changes but has entered the second
dramatic phase, including in Indonesia, namely the spread of the Corona
Virus-19 wave 2 with the Delta variant which is said to have originated from
India. Almost every day, it is reported that transmission with positive
symptoms and asymptomatic cases reaches more than thousands, with a significant
death rate. The life of the world has also agreed to enter the Industry 4.0 era
which is accompanied by the era of Society 5.0 with an uncontrollable
acceleration that also facilitates all human needs. The Industrial Era 4.0
marked the changing of society so quickly with the acceleration of the flow of
information without any barriers wherever it existed (disruption), and
industrial-digitalization technology that is increasingly modern and
sophisticated can adapt all types of human actions and behaviour [1-5].
Technology makes one’s work easier, especially from time to time, changes in
industrial technology are increasingly modern and sophisticated, almost perfect
so that humans are made dependent. Therefore, the Industrial 4.0 era has now
become a global trend and any country including Indonesia must accept it, both
positive and negative impacts that accompany it. This is because the presence
of Industry 4.0 is certain to bring about changes in attitudes and behaviour
due to the convenience of the accompanying technology. Coupled with changes in
individual attitudes and behaviour at the same time changing the social order
with the establishment gradually eroded in the modern style [6]. With this
situation and condition, we need and must respond wisely and wisely, especially
for business people so that in facing these two eras coupled with global
conditions that are experiencing the Covid-19 pandemic through optimism and
responsiveness while believing in great opportunities in the world. before the
eyes. Rosmida in her research suggests that in dealing with these two eras it
is necessary to deal with five strategies, namely
a) the need for
digital-based skills,
b) responsive to the
development of new and renewable technologies,
c) adaptive to changes
in industrial technology, and digitalization-based businesses,
d) improving soft
skills-based capabilities, and
e) transforming the
world of quality education based on strengthening software and brain device as
well as hardware, so that humane, innovative-productive creations are ready to
be produced.
This is in line with the
findings [7] which emphasizes that in the era of the Industrial revolution 4.0
and the challenges of changing the Society 5.0 era, all activities and actions,
including business actors, must be aligned with the use of renewable
technology. Business people through conventional manual methods need to be reconsidered
if they want to go public. That is, if you use manual work and promotion
methods rely on the people who come, it will not be big. The use of technology
digitization, the use of free and paid software is a strategic solution in
developing business strategies in this era. He adds that the modern era which
is now known as the Industrial 4.0 era and the social revolution in the era of
society 5.0 cannot be denied being referred to as a consequence of disrupted
contemporary life, so it is very necessary to adapt by utilizing and
considering aspects of technological humanism. The presence of renewable
technologies in artificial intelligence, big data, robotics, machine learning,
robotics, and internet of things (IoT) models is an undeniable part of innovative
products and technological creations and their engineering to facilitate work,
including the business world. And, this article examines whether the industrial
era 4.0 and the community era 5.0 during the Covid-19 pandemic, any business
opportunities in any form of business are promised by utilizing digitalization
technology.
Literature Review
As it is known that
Industry 4.0 is a follow-up to the industrial revolution 1.0 in 1800 which was
part of a fundamental change in an activity of human life in the process of
production, consumption and distribution with the related environment through
the integration of physical form, digital technology with humans as human
capital [8-10] For the world, the Industrial 4.0 era is a revolution that the
industrial revolution appeared in England, the first time as a result of a
shift and the ordinary industrial world with human (manual) power switching
(transformation) to machine power. According to the [11,12] classification of
the characteristics of the industrial era 4.0 can be recognized by the increase
in growth, both qualitatively and quantitatively through increasing
manufacturing digitization so that it appears that
1) An increase in the
volume of data, computing, and connectivity
2) An analysis,
capabilities, and business intelligence
3) The emergence of new
models of interaction between humans and machines and their environment, and
4) The reorientation of
instructions arising from digital transfers to the physical world, such as
robotics, 3D printing, and so on.
Likewise, the era of
Society 5.0 which is content due to the industrial era that changes the
perspective of society, which of course both are interconnected, the Industrial
4.0 era in technological transformation with digital engineering. So the era of
Society 5.0 focuses more on changes that occur in humans in their attitudes and
understanding. If the Industry 4.0 era in the context of business development
requires three literacy, such as data literacy, human literacy, and
technological literacy. So in the era of society 5.0, assistance is needed,
digitalization technology is a substitute for distributors and promotions to
replace the role of sales promotion [13-15] In Puspita’s research, [16,17]
explained that indeed the industrial revolution which was marked by a change in
the way of life and work processes could essentially be facilitated due to the
presence of modern technology that presents all types of information that can
be connected and recorded in digital technology. Likewise, the era of society
5.0 is tasked with more critical human behaviour and attitudes, innovation and
professionalism so that it is easy to adapt and be responsive to changing
times.
According to Heriyawati
that the Industrial 4.0 era, known as the era of disruption, is a creation of
the digital world that cannot be blocked. As a result, the acceleration of
access to information and communication is so intense that it becomes a
contemporary custom for human behaviour today. This is natural of law
(sunatullah), where the role of the mind that always thinks must produce a
dynamic and change. The impact is of course, in addition to emerging
innovations along with its destruction, extinction and destruction will
certainly appear. Life is a provision, where those who are ready for change
will feel this era is both exciting and scary. Likewise, [18-21] in his
research, emphasized that the changes that are currently in process and running
with the creation of technological advances have radically changed the world
order, both the world and the digital world, which are the main characteristics
of the Industrial 4.0 era. Anyone who can become an agent of change will
certainly experience progress, including a country in general, and business
people in particular. This era is marked by the realization of manufacturing
technology based on digitalization and artificial intelligence data exchange,
such as the internet of things (IoT), cyber-physical systems, cognitive
computing, and cloud computing. All of these are of course as artificial technologybased
tools that may be the trigger for success in doing business in this era. Not in
MSME activities.
According to Nurgroho
& Andarini in their research explaining that every business actor including
MSMEs in the Industry 4.0 era must be able to prepare various strategies, one
of which is utilizing digitalization technology to be competitive by offering
innovative, creative, attractive packaging products. , excellent HR. On the
other hand, [22] asserts that for anyone, it is certainly an opportunity in the
era of disruption (Industry 4.0) and Society 5.0 because today the dependence
of human life is based on information. So, whoever can make the new technology
and its development can be utilized becomes the winner. In the future,
technological engineering through digitalization innovations will also lead to
the wonders of the supply-side sector, with long-term efficiency and
productivity gains. Transportation and communication costs will decrease,
global logistics and supply chains will become more effective, and trading
costs will decrease, all of which will open up new market opportunities and
encourage economic growth.
According to Suyitno
what has predicted regarding the Industrial 4.0 era has the potential to
degrade the human role, as technology plays a major role in making Japan give
birth to the concept of Society 5.0. This concept emphasizes that artificial
intelligence through the transformation of big data collected via the internet
from all aspects of life will certainly produce new wisdom, the hope is that it
can make human abilities open up opportunities for human benefit. Therefore, it
is undeniable that today’s very rapid changes with modern technology plus the
flow of globalization without regional and state barriers have led to the development
of super-fast information system technology without being dammed, resulting in
the global trend of the Industrial Era 4.0 and Society 5.0. For business
people, this is a very promising opportunity in the present and the future,
especially if business people can embody three important interconnected
elements, namely the Industry 4.0 era and the Society 5.0 era with the
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) program launched by the United Nations as
a complementary data [23-25].
Method
This article was written
using a qualitative approach focused on analyzing promising business
opportunities in the era of disruption (Industry 4.0) and the era of Society
5.0 during the new normal period of the Covid 19 pandemic in Indonesia by
describing more of a contemporary phenomenon based on data and information
[26]. The exploration method is used to explain a phenomenon that is described
in data and facts from research results that have been published in national
and international journals and other sources. To collect data and research
facts, they are taken as a whole from the journal or only in part, then sorted
so that data accuracy occurs by referring to the triangulation model to
strengthen between one case and the same case and then analysis and interpretation
is carried out. Because according to Piaget’s theory that data can be useful
knowledge if it is presented with inaccurate information.
Results and Discussion
Industrial era 4.0 and society era 5.50 during the covid-19
pandemic masa
It is understood that
the development of science has greatly contributed to changing the world [11].
In their research said that the theory of knowledge creation in the last
quarter-century has been able to contribute greatly to management innovation so
that it is useful in the era of Society 5.0. Today’s innovation demands
socioeconomic integration that transcends the boundaries of today’s companies.
By preparing a system (knowledge ecosystem) as a basis, we can build
civilization progress [5,7,16]. According to that global issues that impact the
joints of life, such as the situation of increasing global problems and dangers
of anthropo-technological, medical-epidemiological, economic, environmental,
demographic characteristics, the demand to identify transformational changes in
relevant global and national labour markets. The industrial revolution 4.0, the
threat of the COVID-19 pandemic, the transition to Society 5.0 or Super Smart Society
is a challenge that changes the characteristics of the world of work, the
workforce, in each country and humanity as a whole. The transformation in the
global and domestic labour markets caused by the complex impacts of the
digitalization process and the COVID-19 pandemic. Agree on this. According to
them, the impact of the global crisis caused by the transmission of
Covid/Post-Covid-19 is not only in the health sector, socio-cultural but also
in the education business sector. For the business sector, there has been a
major transformation in mapping business opportunities, not only on business
but also on the elements that surround it. For example, in a teaching and
learning system that initially used an offline model, now it must be online so
that it requires the use of IoT on a large scale, the use of AI (artificial
intelligence), big data, and machine learning for business forecasting, the use
of cloud platforms to manage intelligent education, devices wearables, smart
city, smart society, smart healthcare, smart welfare, smart SME, smart retail,
smart supply chain, and the future of business based on a digitized culture
called ‘’Work-welfare 5.0 on Urban 6.0’’ as the solution. This is what [15]
call the contribution of scientific theory to changes in the global order of
life, especially in the Industrial 4.0 era and the Society 5.0 period as
described [21,15].
In the Industrial 3.0
era along with the Society 4.0 era which relies on computerization, internet,
IC, and automation and continues in the Industrial 4.0 era for ten years with
very fast changes changing a new order that relies on
digitalization-transformation technology engineering, virtual reality,
cyber-physical systems (Figure 1), smartness to usher in an economic and
business revolution by involving the connectivity of other organizations. In
such situations and conditions and have developed an innovative model in which
the benefits of transforming social needs into one another can be utilized. Not
only relying on technological engineering and artificial intelligence but also
rearranging the order of world civilization through a change in mindset that
refers to the harmony of attitudes and character in humans themselves. These
authors seem to want to refer to the concept of the Japanese community
initiative with the Society 5.0 era model which not only focuses on
technological developments and the opportunities inherent in responsible
innovation through maximizing the role of humans. In the era of Industry 4.0
and Society 5.0, there is a great opportunity for business with virtual media
through digitalization. This is at the same time able to play an important role
in making financial support effective for recovery from the COVID-19 crisis and
opening up business opportunities at this time. The following describes the
theory of the fifth wave of revolution.
From the picture above
(Figure 2), it is known that the first development of human civilization began
as the development of society 1.0 with more than 70,000 years at the same time
as the start of the Industrial 0.0 era which was marked by an agrarian society.
The Industrial Era 1.0 is based on the industrial revolution with a social
structure of 3.0 in the 17th to 18th centuries, and then the current era enters
the Industry 4.0 era with a 5.0 society order that will last for 20 years
starting in the 21st century. Marked by Super Smart Society and Digital
Transformation This era has great opportunities in the business world using
digital technology. So, it is not surprising that e-digital, e-wallet,
e-commerce and so on have emerged. According to Sołtysik & Zdenek (20210
that in this era business opportunities are very large and depend on digital
services, with the most popular being applications, websites, and platforms.
These business opportunities are directly related mainly to the public sector,
such as transportation, education, culture and sports, economy and finance and
health. And this business opportunity is not only limited to the domestic area,
but can cross geographical boundaries in various countries, including Asia,
Western Europe, Northern Europe, Southern Europe, and Eastern Europe, and
others. This is because in the Industry 4.0 era which coincides with the era of
Society 5.0 which relies on artificial intelligence (AI), robotics, big data,
etc., both serving women and men, as well as society in general, all of which
are connected between regions, between cities and even between cities. between
countries between continents without barriers and boundaries, even supported by
physical restrictions due to social distancing, it is very likely to use IoT
(internet of things) devices and big data as a macro-scale liaison. However,
the community still has to be critical and able to adapt (Figure 3). Given the
great opportunities in the business sector in this era, the relationship
between the Industry 3.0 era (society 4.0) and the society 5.0 era (industrial
revolution 4.0) can be described as follows:
From the picture above,
it is clear that there are very prominent differences in the two eras,
especially in business development and the opportunities that exist in it. In
the 4.0 era (Industrial Revolution 3.0) business and economic opportunities
involve 5 (five) main elements, namely
1) Economies of scale
2) Uniformity
3) Concentration
4) Vulnerability
5) Mass consumption
resources with high environmental impact. Meanwhile, in the era of Society 5.0
(Era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0) it changed from economies of scale to
6) Problem solving and
value creation
7) Uniformity into
diversity/difference
8) Concentration into
locality (decentralization)
9) Vulnerability into
resilience
10) Environmental
sustainability and balance. Especially during the Covid-19 pandemic, a good
strategy is needed.
To create a good atmosphere
and conditions, as well as an accurate strategy, [5,8,19] suggested that during
the COVID-19 pandemic, which is marked by the digital era as a manifestation of
the Industrial 4.0 era, it is necessary to utilize Artificial Intelligence.
Intelligence (AI) which seems to act as a guardian of this new virus is within
reasonable limits. AI also has the potential to transform communities into
super smart Society 5.0. So it will be very easy if you can make AI a tool for
creators and engineers as well as critical, innovative and creative in opening
up business opportunities and developing them. In Islam, the world and
everything in it are intended for humans, (Q.S. Al-Baqarah, 2: 29). Therefore,
it is very possible if the existing opportunities can be realized of course by
utilizing science and technology. So, the Society 5.0 era and the Industrial
4.0 era which means the concept of a human-centred (anthropocentric) and
technology-based society as well as a concept of solving social problems
through a balance of economic progress and solving social problems by using a
system that integrates physical space and virtual space while simultaneously
prepare human resources to face the challenges of this era through the
implementation of Strategic Human Resource Management. The implementation of
the HR Strategy in question is the implementation of strategic values,
strategic integration, employees as the most valuable, emphasis on support
staff management, strengthening management and employee commitment, effective communication,
decentralization for empowerment, flexibility and adaptation, creativity and
innovation, and obsession. to quality [25]. Business Opportunities in the
Industrial Era 4.0 and Society 5.0 during the New Normal Covid-19 Hysa [18]
provide enlightenment related to the use of social media as a potential
opportunity for sustainable success in business. According to them, during the
global COVID-19 pandemic, intensive marketing efforts and strategies to restore
sustainable business opportunities are open. In their research, they argue that
social media (SM) can significantly support business promotion by guaranteeing
the number and types of competitive products. Although the research in Poland
used 397 respondents representing the Baby Boomers (BB) group, as well as
Generations X, Y, and Z. So, it is very relevant if the use of SM is also used
for business people in Indonesia. Moreover, Indonesia, which has a population
of more than 260 million people, is a very large market share for the economy
and business.
He noted that internet
technology has become an important part and brings major changes in human life,
especially in Indonesia. According to the survey results of APJII (Association
of Indonesian Internet Service Providers) for the 2019-2020 (Q3) period, each
year has experienced a significant achievement, which is 73.7% of the total
population. Apart from the negative impact, economically this opportunity is
very large for business people as well as digitalbased business opportunities.
Even according to that [7] when the Covid-19 pandemic hit Indonesia in 2020,
internet users increased, even though they had to stay at home because of the
PSBB, Work From Home (WFH) was enforced by increasing social media users. In
2021 even the Industry 4.0 era, which coincided with the condition of society
at level 5.0 during the Covid-19 outbreak, was getting crazier with the new
wave of the Covid Delta version in July resulting in the socio-economic impact
experiencing a downward trend. Based on data from the Ministry of Health, the
spread of the Delta version of Covid-19 in the Industrial 4.0 era (Society
Revolution 5.0) has increased significantly (Figure 4).
From the picture above,
it can be seen that a sharp increase in the confirmed positive for Covid-19
Delta occurred this July even though the government has successfully carried
out stage 1 (38,909, 433) and stage 2 (15,611,554) vaccinations. According to
Ranjbari, Esfandabadi & Zanetti (2021) that the COVID-19 pandemic is not
only happening in Indonesia but almost all countries. The negative impact
continues on the economic, social and environmental sectors. Therefore, they
concluded that Covid-19 will continue to exist but what must be done after this
Covid-19, especially in the development of sustainable development by the
United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). According to him, several
steps need to be taken, such as a sustainability action plan considering the
implications of COVID-19: refining sustainability goals and targets and
developing a measurement framework; take advantage of opportunities for a
sustainable transition after COVID-19, with a focus on SDG 12 and SDG 9,
innovative solutions for economic resilience towards post-COVID-19
sustainability, which are focused on SDG 1, SDG 8, and SDG 17, in-depth
analysis of the long-term effects of COVID-19 on social sustainability focusing
on SDG 4, SDG 5, and SDG 10; and expanding quantitative research to align
sustainability research on COVID-19. The offer of Ranjbari, et al., is
certainly very meaningful in creating recovery optimism and looking at business
opportunities in the Industry 4.0 and Society 5.0 era in the Covid-19 pandemic.
Even Di Vaio, Boccia, Landriani & Palladino (2020) in their findings stated
that there is an opportunity in this era through the use of artificial
intelligence (AI) to provide the agri-food industry, as well as the role of
stakeholders in its supply chain. Similarly, regulators can take a proactive
role in the creation of business value, according to their environmental
awareness. Moreover, in Indonesia as an agricultural country, opportunities are
very open, MSMEs in every corner of the village, culinary adornments in
residential and rural areas. It’s just a matter of how they are empowered by
the adoption of renewable technology by serious study and design through a
business model approach.
Conclusion
From the explanation
above, business opportunities in the Industry 4.0 and Society 5.0 era during
the Covid-19 pandemic depend on the ability of business people to take
advantage of situations and conditions into open opportunities. The existence
of internet access based on digitalization technology and artificial
intelligence (AI) with the use of IoT is the main supporting element in its
success in realizing business opportunities. Through big data as a means for
promotion and market share that can be connected between regions, countries and
continents, it can be used as a large and broad market share. Paid and free
software as a novice business person can be used for its usefulness while
improving their soft skills and competencies. Various social media and
networks, such as WashCap, Twitter, Youtube, Instagram need to be used as tools
for success. Whatever the type of business, starting from culinary, MSMEs,
transportation, and other services, as well as various kinds and variety of
businesses, they must be innovative, creative and productive. And, policymakers
must support and encourage these business actors by providing legal, political
and environmental security that is conducive to the growth and development of
businesspeople in the Industry 4.0 and Society 5.0 era, especially during the
Covid-19 pandemic, especially micro-business players, small and medium
enterprises (MSMEs).
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