Lupine Publishers | Scholarly Journal Of Psychology And Behavioral Sciences
Abstract
Race and ethnicity and socioeconomics are
high and heinous risky punitive pawns in game of life and health care relative
to underlying conditions that impact health. Long-standing systemic health and
social inequities open the door and maintain a breeze of devastating
consequences putting many people from racial and ethnic minority groups at
increased risk of getting sick and dying from COVID-19. The term “racial and
ethnic minority groups” includes people of color with a wide variety of
backgrounds and experiences. Equally important, But some experiences are common
to many people within these groups (heart disease, dementia, alzheimers,
diabetes, stroke, etc.). Yet, specific social determining factors wreak havoc
on individuals, particularly of color: Social determinants are simply are
conditions in the places where people live, learn, work, and play that affect a
wide range of health and quality-of life-risks and outcomes.
Introduction
The bottom line is that social
determinants of health have historically prevented them from having fair
opportunities for economic, physical, and emotional health. Furthermore, there
is unequivocal evidence that some racial and ethnic minority groups are being
disproportionately affected by COVID-19. Factors that contribute to increased
risk include but not limited to : Ignorance and Irresponsiblity: Individuals
across the racial divide in America often believe they are invincible and
immune to the virus, etc. They consciously choose not to wear mask nor keep
their respective distances 6 feet or further. Hygiene is not taken seriously
nor health efforts to minimize the spread and contagiousness of COVID 19. Far
too many persons take solace in having house parties, cookouts, barbecues,
backyard fellowships and birthday partiesall of course with either limited
masking, distance or essentially none at all. Discrimination: Unfortunately,
discrimination exists in systems meant to protect well-being or health.
Discriminating systems include health care, housing, education, criminal
justice, and finance. Make no mistake about it, discrimination in any form
which includes racism, can lead to chronic and toxic stress and shapes social
and economic factors that put some people from racial and ethnic minority
groups at increased risk for COVIDHealthcare access and utilization: People of
color and lower income backgrounds are more likely to be uninsured than non-
Hispanic whites. An injury and insult is the reality of many other factors,
such as lack of transportation, child care, or ability to take time off of
work; communication and language barriers; cultural differences between
patients and providers; and historical and current discrimination in healthcare
systems. Many people of color don’t trust the healthcare system and they shouldn’t.
Why? Because life is a cruel teacher: It gives you exam first, then the lesson
(Table 1). The historical realities of exploitation, abuse, degradation and
death specifically targeted at people of color are a matte of public and
private records such as the Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the African
American Male and sterilization without people’s permission highlight this
reality.
Occupation: People of color are grossly represented in work settings such as
healthcare facilities, farms, factories, grocery stores, house keeping,
cleaning, and public transportation. Some people who work in these settings
have more chances to be exposed to the virus that causes COVID-19 due to
several factors, such as close contact with the public or other workers, not
being able to work from home, and not having paid sick days. Educational,
income, and wealth gaps: Inequities in access to high-quality education for
some racial and ethnic minority groups can lead to lower high school completion
rates and barriers to college entrance. This may limit future job options and
lead to lower paying or less stable jobs [1]. People with limited job options
likely have less flexibility to leave jobs that may put them at a higher risk
of exposure to the virus that causes COVID-19. People in these situations often
cannot afford to miss work, even if they’re sick, because they do not have
enough money saved up for essential items like food and other important living
needs.
Table 1: The
statistics are grim.
Housing: Some people from racial and
ethnic minority groups live in crowded conditions that make it more challenging
to follow prevention strategies. In some cultures, it is common for family
members of many generations to live in one household. In addition, growing and
disproportionate unemployment rates for some racial and ethnic minority groups
during the COVID-19 pandemic may lead to greater risk of eviction and
homelessness or sharing of housing. These factors and others are all associated
with more COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, and deaths in areas where racial
and ethnic minority groups live, learn, work, play, and worship. They have also
contributed to higher rates of specific medical illnesses and conditions that
increase one’s risk of severe illness from COVID-19. In addition, community
strategies to slow the spread of COVID-19 may cause unintentional harm, such as
lost wages, reduced access to services, and increased stress, for some racial
and ethnic minority groups [2-4].
s Furthermore, neuro-cognitive implications are meticulously decisive in their
impact and impetus effects: Whether it is mental fatigue and mild loss of
concentration major neuro health issues are frequently reported by people with
COVID-19. More severe cognitive impairment is reported in those with secondary
illness such as stroke, which has been reported even in younger COVID patients
and is believed to result from coagulopathy caused by SARS-CoV-2. Encephalopathy
is observed after extubating, possibly due to lingering effects of sedation and
possibly due to the effects of mechanical ventilation. This often resolves over
a period of days but can sometimes persist for weeks or even months.
Conclusion
Encephalopathy can be further exacerbated
by bacterial infection, which can develop during ventilation. So far there are
relatively few reports of meningitis/encephalitis associated with SARS-CoV-2,
although it is possible more reports of direct infection will emerge over time,
similar to previous coronavirus outbreaks (e.g., the SARS-CoV-1 outbreak in
2003 and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome outbreak in 2012) And the most
recent medical and scientific reports showed that the most severe cases of COVID-19
were the most likely to develop neurological symptoms [4-8]. Risk factors for
neurocognitive symptoms in those cases are similar to other populations with
acute respiratory distress syndrome. Those risk factors include pre-existing
diagnoses such as dementia, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and epilepsy. Increased
risk of neurocognitive effects is also associated with pathophysiological
events during acute care, such as hypoxemia, hypoperfusion and inflammatory
response. Finally, further increase in risk is observed when management during
acute care includes sedation, mechanical ventilation, and complications such as
delirium. Consequently, we have been warned. Wear your mask. Wash your hands.
Wedge the distance (whether its 6 feet or 6 steps)…because this virus…this
vicious and vile venom of bio-chemical expression is coming soon to a place….a
person and/or a predicament near you
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